![]() Tesla’s work was very important in clarifying the non-radiative mid-range power transfer behavior of extremely low frequency (ELF) waves (6–60 Hz), where very low attenuation of waves with increasing receiver distance was observed: under 1 dB/1000 km and between 9–12 dB/1000 km for 2 to 15 kHz resonant frequencies, respectively. New formulas for estimating the near-field region and the self-capacitance of the RF transformer coil are proposed the optimal function in the frequency domain for a given transducer distance was defined by simulation. In this regard, the current change corresponded to magnetic field variation and the voltage change to the electric field variation. A power regression tool was used to convert and simplify the transducer current and voltage variation with distance. The optimal configuration having one long coil at the base and two or more flat coils as capacitor plates near coil ends generated the highest tandem of magnetic and electrical fields. The transversal leakage flux coupling of a long RF coil was more efficient than a simple axial magnetic field coupling when using pancake transceiver coils. A radio frequency (RF) transmitter and transducer were built to demonstrate the increased energy transfer efficiency when using both electric and magnetic fields in the near-field region. Because the space between coil turns is almost double the plate thickness, the coplanar capacitance can be ignored for frequencies under 2 MHz. In our printed arrays of flat transducers, we consider face-to-face capacitances for the study of resonance coupling. Both the magnetic field resonance coupling and the influence of the electric field near the copper transducers of the printed circuit board and inside the FR4-type epoxy material are considered. In this paper, a modular electromagnetic transducer that achieves the optimal transfer of energy from the electric and/or magnetic fields is proposed.
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